CASP3 and colorectal cancer: This is evident in vivo, where pre-administration of piperine, followed by curcumin orally in rats, resulted in a significant increase in curcumin’s bioavailability after 6 h [208], while in vitro experiments show combined treatment with curcumin and piperine in emulsome nanoformulations induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and a 6-fold increase in the caspase 3 apoptosis marker in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells [209].