The ER stress-induced apoptosis is instigated by the escalation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through the activation of caspases and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, subsequently leading to tubular atrophy—a common characteristic of both AKI and CKD [22]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to Atrophy.