Subjects with lower baseline DKK1 had significantly lower baseline HbA1c levels in a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial that compared the effect of 12-week acarbose and metformin treatment on glycemic variability in patients with T2DM receiving premixed insulin, but the DKK1 changes were not associated with the improvement of HbA1c [78]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.