First, in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, artemisinin and its derivates decreased the disease activity index by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α, recruiting alternatively activated CD206+ macrophages, and blocking the TLR4 signaling pathway and NFκB signaling pathway, which consequently decreased the number of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.