TGFB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Experimentally, CFA-induced RA caused a significant elevation in lymphocyte secretory cytokines levels, including IFN-γ (p < 0.001, Figure 14A), the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (p < 0.001, Figure 14C), IL-17 (p < 0.001, Figure 15A), and TGF-β (p < 0.01, Figure 15B), and a crucial attenuation in the levels of IL-4 (p < 0.001, Figure 14B) compared to the sham group.