Meanwhile, dialysis for less than 5 years, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypoalbuminemia, prolonged use of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, iPTH levels below 300 pg/mL, subcutaneous injection of insulin or heparin, and iron overload were considered minor factors. Here, INS is linked to hyperphosphatemia.