In contrast with these apparently adverse associations between 12,13-diHOME and cardiometabolic health outcomes, evidence of beneficial effects of 12,13-diHOME on cardiovascular function was shown in mouse experiments demonstrating a linkage between insulin signaling and differentiation of perivascular progenitor cells (PPCs) into BAT, with consequential increases in BAT mass and 12,13-diHOME secretion, which in turn reduced inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice [77]. Here, INS is linked to atherosclerosis.