A recent study investigated the relationship between five biomarkers (MR-proADM, NT-proBNP, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET1)), and copeptin in correlation with echocardiographic findings of PDA in 139 preterm infants with a GA of less than 32 weeks. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and Patent ductus arteriosus.