HMOX1 and cancer: Methods: This prospective observational paired case–control study focused on the evaluation of antioxidant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme-oxygenase 1, vimentin, metallothionein, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, in cancer tissues from fifteen patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, using adjacent healthy tissues as controls.