By interacting with IGF-1, IGF-2, and insulin, IGF-1R triggers downstream signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways [99], which are often activated in CRC [100]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.