Well known as a cytoplasmic target of Ras/MAPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, the subsequent phosphorylation of p70S6K1 leads to protein and lipid synthesis in ribosomes, ribosome protein translation, the regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage checkpoints, and telomere length maintenance, as well as cancer cell metastasis, invasion, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance [36,37]. The gene discussed is RPS6KB1; the disease is cancer.