HLA-G and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: In addition to chromosomal aberrations, many other factors are well-established prognostic variables for CLL, such as disease stages (the Rai and Benet staging systems), certain biochemical markers (e.g., serum LDH and β2 microglobulin levels), the gene mutation profile (especially TP53 mutations and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status), and flow cytometry markers (CD38 and CD49d).