While IL-10 has historically been associated with tumor progression, accumulating evidence underscores its ability to enhance antitumor immunity by reinvigorating exhausted CD8+ TILs and activating their cytotoxic function; inducing IFN-γ, IL-18, granzymes, and FasL expression; reducing tumor-associated inflammation and TGF-β levels; and reprogramming TAMs. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.