AKT1 and neoplasm: Disruption of the PI3K/ATK pathway can occur from mutations in PIK3CA, the PI3K catalytic subunit, or by the loss of phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates PIP3 to inhibit AKT activation, resulting in oncogenesis through uncontrolled proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, resistance to apoptosis, and GOF missense mutations [89,93].