IL11 and neoplasm: In addition, cytokine-specific receptor-mediated signaling pathways are modulated by inflammatory processes and control some of the most vital aspects of tumor initiation and promotion in CRC, such as activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) signaling as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-mediated and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-mediated NF-κB activation [4,73,74,75,76,77,78].