TFE3 and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: Similarly, PPARGC1A (PGC1A), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis regulated by MITF in melanoma (Vazquez et al, 2013), also displayed multiple TFE3 fusion binding sites at the promoter and putative upstream and downstream regulatory elements in the tRCC lines (Appendix Fig. S4C).