GAST and chronic kidney disease: The elevated risk of GIB in CKD patients may be attributed to several factors, including gastric mucosal damage from the uremic environment, uremic platelet dysfunction and coagulopathy, systemic and local chronic circulatory dysfunction, and elevated serum gastrin levels.21, –23 In addition, the use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants has been proposed as a potential contributor to the increased GIB risk in this population.