Upon activation with LPS, the TNF‐α/HMGB1 pathway is triggered in M1 macrophages, resulting in increased pyroptosis, whereas suppressing TNF‐α signaling can effectively inhibit macrophage pyroptosis.[51] Both M1 and M2 macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI by modulating the production of inflammatory mediators and promoting cell death, including pyroptosis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute kidney injury.