HMGB1 and acute kidney injury: Multiple DAMPs are implicated in septic AKI, namely HMGB1, histones, biglycan, decorin, extracellular DNA, and Tamm‐Horsfall glycoprotein.[22] In the context of ischemic AKI, DAMPs are primarily released from necrotic cells, including HMGB1, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), DNA, and ribonucleic acid (RNA).[23] In the presence of danger signals, PAMPs or DAMPs activate the PRRs located on NLRs or TLRs, consequently triggering the ASC adaptor to activate the effector molecules caspase‐1 or caspase‐11.