TIMP1 and cancer: Pan-cancer expression profiling demonstrated significant TIMP1 upregulation in 15 malignancies (including colorectal adenocarcinoma [COAD], breast invasive carcinoma [BRCA], and cholangiocarcinoma [CHOL] as representative examples), while downregulation was observed in 10 cancer types (exemplified by kidney chromophobe [KICH] and lung squamous cell carcinoma [LUSC]) with no significant alterations detected in other malignancies (Figure 7B).