CS and Cowden syndrome 1: Other studies have indicated that both CS type I and CS type II play a pivotal role in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated protein degradation, a mechanism that may elucidate the impaired functionality of a multitude of cells in patients with CS and provide novel potential targets for the development of efficacious therapeutic interventions (Paccosi and Proietti-De-Santis, 2021).