Previous studies have identified several key factors affecting the prognosis of TNBC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 expression, tumor size, lymph node status, chemotherapy regimens, and response to treatment (Pinard et al., 2020; Fisher et al., 2024; Sarradin et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2020a; Huang et al., 2020b). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.