TGFB1 and colitis: LJT extract  • Inhibited weight loss and colon length shortening• Prevented histological damage• Downregulated IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17• No significant changes were observed in IL-10, IL-23, TGF-β, and Treg cell populationLJT extract exhibited protective effects against DSS-induced colitis via the Th1/Th17 pathway, rather than Treg-related mechanisms.