NFKB1 and Cognitive impairment: Sun et al. (2021) showed that DEX inhibits microglial activation and reduces inflammatory mediator release by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Similarly, Zhou et al. (2020) demonstrated that DEX pretreatment ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive deficits in aged mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus.