APC and adenoma: The majority of CRC pathogenesis involves genetic alteration sequences of genes, like the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, which is the most common, followed by Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumor protein p53 (TP53), which evolve from benign adenomas to malignant carcinomas and other molecular pathways responsible for driving tumorigenesis.