PML and infection: In HCMV-infected digitoxin-treated cells, the mRNA levels of NF-κB, interferon-β (IFN-β), CXCL-10, IL-1 β, and IL-8 were reduced, suggesting that CGs target the PML-IE1 complex via the α3 isoform in the early stages of infection, resulting in HCMV inhibition.