IFI16 and infection: Upon infection, host cells detect viral DNA or RNA using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (RNA sensors), Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and Dead-box helicase 41 (DDX41) [2].