The tumor actively suppresses immune activation through mechanisms such as the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β), the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules like PD-L1 [24,25,26]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.