OPN1MW and substance withdrawal syndrome: However, despite moderate abuse and dependence risks—lower than many legal and illegal substances—psychoactive cannabinoids in cannabis (e.g., Δ9-THC) exhibit reinforcing effects, tolerance, and a moderate withdrawal syndrome, non-psychoactive cannabinoids show no intoxicating or rewarding properties, the role of CBD in mitigating THC’s effects remains uncertain, and potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists pose a substantially higher risk of harm [17,18].