ALB and hydrops fetalis: Furthermore, Xu et al. [121] discovered that in a rat HF model induced by bovine serum albumin, ART suppressed the expression of hydroxyproline, Alpha smooth muscle Actin (α-SMA), and type I collagen; reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 while increasing MMP-13 expression; and decreased collagen content, leading to a marked improvement in HF in mice.