Interestingly, microglial activation in the brains of AD-transgenic mice was attenuated by the use of zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB)-based NPs, which were able to decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and increase Aβ phagocytosis by microglia, reducing Aβ levels, neuro-inflammation, neuronal damage, and memory deficits [183]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.