SSc is also associated with a strong, dysregulated autoimmune response, including the production of specific autoantibodies (e.g., anti-topoisomerase I, anti-centromere, and anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies) or chronic inflammation with the high production of profibrotic cytokines (TGF-b, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6 and IL21) [28,29,30]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is systemic sclerosis.