ATG4D and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Bou Malhab et al. 2024 in United Arab Emirates included 51 participants with overweight and obesity and demonstrated that Ramadan is linked to the elevation in autophagy gene expressions (LAMP2, LC3B, ATG5, and ATG4D) in individuals with overweight or obesity, which may partially elucidate its beneficial short-term metabolic and health-enhancing effects on early aging-related markers.