According to available data on hemodialysis patients, the NT-proBNP and Troponin I biomarkers present conflicting results, either increasing or decreasing, due to various factors, such as the dialysis itself, the ultrafiltration, hemoconcentration, the timing of sampling (predialysis, postdialysis), malnutrition, types of dialyzers (high/low flux), degree of inflammation, overhydration, dialysis vintage, dialysis session period, or exposure to microemboli of air that are present during dialysis, or some other variable within the individual patient that affects these changes [39,40,41,42,43]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and malnutrition.