DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: They found that numerous phenolic compounds from GLE, such as naringenin, catechin, and quercetin, had similarities in structure to commonly used drugs for diabetes; moreover, the extract showed antidiabetic potential through interactions with protein targets such as aldose reductase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG).