However, when ROS production increases (e.g., due to infections, chronic stress, UV exposure, or pollutants) or when antioxidant defenses are diminished (e.g., reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSX/Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione (GSH)), the resulting imbalance alters molecular signaling pathways and enzyme functions, leading to damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and ultimately resulting in tissue damage [36,37]. This evidence concerns the gene CAT and infection.