In summary, P. cocos polysaccharides exert anti-obesity effects and ameliorate high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders by modulating host metabolic pathways, altering bile acid composition to influence lipid digestion and absorption, promoting fatty acid oxidation and utilization, reducing hepatic fat accumulation, increasing glucose tolerance, improving glucose metabolism, inhibiting activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in atherosclerosis, and decreasing inflammation and lipid-level disorders. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is atherosclerosis.