INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Makino et al. investigated the use of Liraglutide with insulin compared to insulin alone in patients with established T2DM undergoing cardiac surgery (2/3 CABG cases and 1/3 valve replacement cases), finding that the M values (indicative of proximity index of the target glucose level from day 1–10) were significantly lower in the Liraglutide group (5.8 vs. 12.3, respectively).