Using specific agonists like G-1 and 17β-estradiol, the selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators tamoxifen (TAM), and its key metabolite endoxifen (EDX) to activate GPER, these authors observed a significant reduction in cell proliferation and cell division, indicating that GPER activation might have tumor-suppressive effects in melanoma cells. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and melanoma.