Therefore, we postulated that hub lncRNAs, including RMRP and Rb1, which are co-expressed with several hub mRNAs in our WGCNA analysis, might contribute to PM2.5-induced NAFLD through the miR-206/PTPN1 axis, the miR-206/PTPN1-SREBP1C and PTPN1-PP2A-SP1-SREBP1C signaling pathways, metabolic processes, and phosphorylation. Here, PTPN1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.