Regarding ctDNA mutations, our findings align with previous research on HCC tissue [27], identifying frequent mutations in the TERT promoter (98% of patients), followed by ARID1A (71%), CTNNB1 (67%), AXIN1 (57%), TP53 (29%), and CDKN2A (10%). This evidence concerns the gene AXIN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.