Together, both the in vitro and in vivo data obtained in the presence of a TrPAR2 indicated that TrPAR2 has a negative inhibitory effect on PAR4 and PAR2-induced tumor-promoting processes, similar to the inhibition seen following shRNA-mediated TrPar2/f2rl1 gene silencing. This evidence concerns the gene F2RL1 and neoplasm.