CCL5 and neoplasm: Furthermore, the profile of pro-inflammatory proteins secreted by MDA-MB-436 cells treated with MWCNTs (primarily IL6, CXCL8, and CCL5) mimics the action of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the largest population of inflammatory cells in the tumor stroma, associated with tumor progression, EMT stimulation, and promotion of metastasis [57].