In a chronic stress scenario, indeed, norepinephrine and cortisol overproduction can activate microglia and mast cell trough NLRP3 inflammasome, with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [55], causing neuroinflammation and depression [56]. Here, TNF is linked to depressive symptom measurement.