In particular, T cells from BPDCN patients engineered with CD28/4-1BB CD123 CARs have displayed significant cytotoxic abilities in vitro against BPDCN blasts, with further studies confirming their efficacy in reducing BPDCN load while limiting collateral damage to healthy tissues [52]. This evidence concerns the gene IL3RA and CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm.