Furthermore, XZF exhibited notable immunomodulatory activities, characterized by marked downregulation of PD-1 expression in activated CD8+ T-cells, suppression of PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer cells, and strong inhibition of the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, a critical pathway involved in tumor immune evasion. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.