Considering the important role of prosody in conveying pragmatic information such as emotion and communicative intent, the observed differences in prosody potentially linked to variation of the FMR1 gene may contribute mechanistically to disrupted pragmatic language skills in FMR1-related conditions; these include not only the BAP and FMR1 PM investigated in this study, but also AU and FXS. Here, FMR1 is linked to fragile X syndrome.