Inflammatory cytokines in ovarian cancer cells, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), promote malignant progression—such as tumor cell migration and invasion—by upregulating the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and ICAM-1 [79–82]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to neoplasm.