Of the 6 samples with a detectable CD34+/CD38− population, WT1-CTLs could kill CD34+/CD38− cells in all 6 samples, with preferential killing of CD34+/CD38− AML cells compared to the total population of AML cells in 5/6 samples; sample 390 showed similar viability of CD34+/CD38− cells to that of the total population post-CTL treatment (Supplementary Fig. 6, Supplementary Table 1). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.