MTOR and atherosclerosis: Rapamycin-loaded HDL nanoparticles effectively inhibit Akt-mTOR pathway, suppressing trained immunity induced by allograft transplantation and preventing allograft rejection.99 In atherosclerosis, intravenous infusion of statin100,101 or mTOR inhibitor102 based nanobiologics dramatically reduced vessel wall inflammation in ApoE-/− mice.