LCN2 and infection: At transcriptional level, RT-qPCR analysis of KIM1 (kidney injury molecule-1), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), and ICAM-1 (the major adhesion molecule), — markers of acute renal injury—revealed that during infection, fas2Δ/Δ-infected kidneys exhibited only a transient elevation of ICAM-1 at 24 h, which was significantly lower than that of WT and returned to baseline at subsequent time points.